BERs, DERs, CERs and PERs
ASN.1 uses additional rules to lay out the physical data, the primary set being the Basic Encoding Rules (BERs), which are often considered synonymous with ASN.1. Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) are used for encrypted applications, and Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) is a DER derivative that is not widely used. Packed Encoding Rules (PER) result in the fewest number of bytes. For more information, visit www.asn1.org.
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